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          Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science                              
                    
                      
              Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science cover  the frontier issues in the engineering and the computer science and their  applications in business, industry and other subjects. The series reports  scientific researches presented at many of the most important engineering and  computer science meetings around the world. Publishing proceedings can provide  quick access to valuable information for the research communities when compared  with the traditional journal literature.          
                The series is published with both online and print  versions. All the papers in the online version are available freely with open  access full-text content and permanent worldwide web link. The abstracts will be indexed and available at major academic databases.          
                          
                Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science         
                ISSN: 2078-0966 (online version); 2078-0958 (print version)          
                Subject Category: Computer science and engineering         
                Organization: International Association of Engineers         
                          
                It would be desirable if the papers are useful for        
                researches.  The open-access issues and the corresponding        
                quotation formats are shown below.         
                          
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Recent Open-Access Issues: 
               
          
Volume 2245          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2023         
IMECS 2023, July 5-7, 2023, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and A. M. Korsunsky   
ISBN:978-988-14049-4-7         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2023         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2023,          
IMECS 2023, 5-7 July, 2023, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.    
               
  
Volume 2244          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2022         
WCE 2022, July 6-8, 2022, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN: 978-988-14049-3-0 
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2022         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2022, WCE 2022,          
6-8 July, 2022, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.  
               
          
Volume 2243          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2021         
IMECS 2021, October 20-22, 2021, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng    
ISBN:978-988-14049-1-6         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2021         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2021,          
IMECS 2021, 20-22 October, 2021, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.    
               
  
Volume 2242          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2021         
WCE 2021, July 7-9, 2021, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN: 978-988-14049-2-3  
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2021         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2021, WCE 2021,          
7-9 July, 2021, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.  
               
          
Volume 2241          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2019          
WCECS 2019, October 22 - 24, 2019, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and H. K. Kim           
ISBN: 978-988-14048-7-9         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2019         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2019, WCECS 2019,          
22-24 October, 2019, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.   
               
  
Volume 2240          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2019         
WCE 2019, July 3-5, 2019, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN: 978-988-14047-9-4  
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2019         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2019, WCE 2019,          
3-5 July, 2019, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
               
          
Volume 2239          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2019         
IMECS 2019, March 13-15, 2019, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and A. M. Korsunsky    
ISBN:978-988-14048-5-5         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2019         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2019,          
IMECS 2019, 13-15 March, 2019, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.    
               
          
Volume 2237 & Volume 2238          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2018 Volume I & Volume II          
WCECS 2018, October 23 - 25, 2018, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest   
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-475): 978-988-14048-1-7         
ISBN of Vol II (pp476-776): 978-988-14049-0-9         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2018         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2018, WCECS 2018,          
23-25 October, 2018, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.   
             
          
Volume 2235 & Volume 2236          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2018 Volume I & Volume II          
WCE 2018, July 4-6, 2018, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-414):  978-988-14047-9-4          
ISBN of Vol II (pp415-841): 978-988-14048-9-3          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2018         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2018, WCE 2018,          
4-6 July, 2018, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
            
          
Volume 2233 & Volume 2234          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2018 Volume I & Volume II          
IMECS 2018, March 14-16, 2018, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and A. M. Korsunsky    
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-492): 978-988-14047-8-7         
ISBN of Vol II (pp493-999): 978-988-14048-8-6         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2018         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2018,          
IMECS 2018, 14-16 March, 2018, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.    
                  
          
Volume 2231 & Volume 2232          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2017 Volume I & Volume II          
WCECS 2017, October 25 - 27, 2017, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest         
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-518): 978-988-14047-5-6         
ISBN of Vol II (pp519-1000): 978-988-14048-4-8         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2017         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2017, WCECS 2017,          
25-27 October, 2017, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.   
                
          
Volume 2229 & Volume 2230          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2017 Volume I & Volume II          
WCE 2017, July 5-7, 2017, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-542):  978-988-14047-4-9          
ISBN of Vol II (pp543-1084): 978-988-14048-3-1          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2017         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2017, WCE 2017,          
5-7 July, 2017, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
             
          
Volume 2227 & Volume 2228          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2017 Volume I & Volume II          
IMECS 2017, March 15-17, 2017, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and A. M. Korsunsky          
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-549): 978-988-14047-3-2         
ISBN of Vol II (pp550-1092): 978-988-14047-7-0         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2017         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2017,          
IMECS 2017, 15-17 March, 2017, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
               
          
Volume 2225 & Volume 2226          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2016 Volume I & Volume II          
WCECS 2016, October 19 - 21, 2016, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest         
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-520): 978-988-14047-1-8         
ISBN of Vol II (pp521-1040): 978-988-14048-2-4         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2016         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2016, WCECS 2016,          
19-21 October, 2016, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.   
                
          
Volume 2223 & Volume 2224          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2016 Volume I & Volume II          
WCE 2016, June 29 - July 1, 2016, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-611):  978-988-19253-0-5          
ISBN of Vol II (pp612-1210): 978-988-14048-0-0          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2016         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2016, WCE 2016,          
29 June - 1 July, 2016, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2221 & Volume 2222          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2016 Volume I & Volume II          
IMECS 2016, March 16-18, 2016, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and A. M. Korsunsky          
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-486):  978-988-19253-8-1          
ISBN of Vol II (pp487-967): 978-988-14047-6-3          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2016         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2016,          
IMECS 2016, 16-18 March, 2016, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2219 & Volume 2220          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2015 Volume I & Volume II          
WCECS 2015, October 21 - 23, 2015, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest and Jon Burgstone         
ISBN  of Vol I (pp1-528): 978-988-19253-6-7          
ISBN  of Vol II (pp529-1061): 978-988-14047-2-5          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2015         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2015, WCECS 2015,          
21-23 October, 2015, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2217 & Volume 2218          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2015 Volume I & Volume II          
WCE 2015, July 1 - 3, 2015, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-669):  978-988-19253-4-3          
ISBN of Vol II (pp670-1335): 978-988-14047-0-1          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2015         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2015, WCE 2015,          
1-3 July, 2015, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2215 & Volume 2216          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2015 Volume I & Volume II          
IMECS 2015, March 18-20, 2015, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and Jeong-A Lee          
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-592):  978-988-19253-2-9          
ISBN of Vol II (pp593-1045): 978-988-19253-9-8          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2015         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2015,          
IMECS 2015, 18-20 March, 2015, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2213 & Volume 2214          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2014 Volume I & Volume II          
WCECS 2014, October 22 - 24, 2014, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest and Jon Burgstone         
ISBN  of Vol I (pp1-562): 978-988-19252-0-6          
ISBN  of Vol II (pp563-1107): 978-988-19253-7-4          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2014         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2014,          
WCECS 2014, 22-24 October, 2014, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2211 & Volume 2212          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2014 Volume I & Volume II          
WCE 2014, July 2 - 4, 2014, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-744):  978-988-19252-7-5          
ISBN of Vol II (pp745-1538): 978-988-19253-5-0          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2014         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2014, WCE 2014,          
2-4 July, 2014, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
           
Volume 2209 & Volume 2210          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 Volume I & Volume II          
IMECS 2014, March 12-14, 2014, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and Jeong-A Lee          
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-606):  978-988-19252-5-1          
ISBN of Vol II (pp607-1256): 978-988-19253-3-6          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014,          
IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2207 & Volume 2208          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2013 Volume I & Volume II          
WCECS 2013, October 23 - 25, 2013, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest and Jon Burgstone         
ISBN  of Vol I (pp1-595): 978-988-19252-3-7          
ISBN  of Vol II (pp596-1227): 978-988-19253-1-2          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2013         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2013,          
WCECS 2013, 23-25 October, 2013, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2204 & Volume 2205 & Volume 2206         
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2013 Volume I & Volume II & Volume III         
WCE 2013, July 3 - 5, 2013, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-736):  978-988-19251-0-7          
ISBN of Vol II (pp737-1473): 978-988-19252-8-2          
ISBN of Vol III (pp1474-2249): 978-988-19252-9-9          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2013         
Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2013,          
WCE 2013, 3-5 July, 2013, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2202 & Volume 2203          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2013 Volume I & Volume II          
IMECS 2013, March 13-15, 2013, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and Jeong-A Lee          
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-578):  978-988-19251-8-3          
ISBN of Vol II (pp579-1199): 978-988-19252-6-8          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2013         
  Please note that the quotation format of the conference paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2013,          
IMECS 2013, 13-15 March, 2013, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2200 & Volume 2201          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2012 Volume I & Volume II          
WCECS 2012, October 24 - 26, 2012, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest and Jon Burgstone         
ISBN  of Vol I (pp1-704): 978-988-19251-6-9           
ISBN  of Vol II (pp705-1456): 978-988-19252-4-4          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2012         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2012,          
WCECS 2012, 24-26 October, 2012, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information..         
                   
          
Volume 2197 & Volume 2198 & Volume 2199         
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2012 Volume I & Volume II & Volume III         
WCE 2012, July 4 - 6, 2012, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-665):  978-988-19251-3-8          
ISBN of Vol II (pp666-1339): 978-988-19252-1-3          
ISBN of Vol III (pp1340-2065): 978-988-19252-2-0          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2012         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2012,          
WCE 2012, 4-6 July, 2012, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2195 & Volume 2196          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2012 Volume I & Volume II          
IMECS 2012, March 14-16, 2012, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and Jeong-A Lee          
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-822):  978-988-19251-1-4           
ISBN of Vol II (pp823-1701): 978-988-19251-9-0           
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2012         
  Please note that the quotation format of the conference paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2012,          
IMECS 2012, 14-16 March, 2012, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2193 & Volume 2194          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2011 Volume I & Volume II          
WCECS 2011, October 19 - 21, 2011, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest and Jon Burgstone         
ISBN  of Vol I (pp1-584): 978-988-18210-9-6           
ISBN  of Vol II (pp585-1185): 978-988-19251-7-6          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2011         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2011,          
WCECS 2011, 19-21 October, 2011, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
                    
Volume 2190 & Volume 2191 & Volume 2192         
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Volume I & Volume II & Volume III         
WCE 2011, July 6 - 8, 2011, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-919):  978-988-18210-6-5          
ISBN of Vol II (pp920-1812): 978-988-19251-4-5          
ISBN of Vol III (pp1813-2708): 978-988-19251-5-2          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2011         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2011,          
WCE 2011, 6-8 July, 2011, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2188 & Volume 2189           
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2011 Volume I & Volume II          
IMECS 2011, March 16-18, 2011, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and Jeong-A Lee          
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-766):  978-988-18210-3-4          
ISBN of Vol II (pp767-1580): 978-988-19251-2-1          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2011         
         
  Please note that the quotation format of the conference paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2011,          
IMECS 2011, 16-18 March, 2011, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2186 & Volume 2187          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010 Volume I & Volume II          
WCECS 2010, October 20 - 22, 2010, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest and Jon Burgstone         
ISBN  of Vol I (pp1-623): 978-988-17012-0-6          
ISBN  of Vol II (pp624-1216): 978-988-18210-0-3          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2010         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010,          
WCECS 2010, 20-22 October, 2010, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
Volume 2183 & Volume 2184 & Volume 2185         
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2010 Volume I & Volume II & Volume III         
WCE 2010, June 30 - July 2, 2010, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN (Vol I: pp1-818): 978-988-17012-9-9         
ISBN (Vol II: pp819-1665): 978-988-18210-7-2         
ISBN (Vol III: pp1666-2488): 978-988-18210-8-9         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2010/         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2010,          
WCE 2010, 30 June - 2 July, 2010, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
        
        
Volume 2180 & Volume 2181 & Volume 2182          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Volume I & Volume II & Volume III          
IMECS 2010, March 17-19, 2010, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and Jeong-A Lee          
ISBN (Vol I:pp1-761):  978-988-17012-8-2         
ISBN (Vol. II: pp762-1499): 978-988-18210-4-1         
ISBN (Vol. III: pp1500-2246): 978-988-18210-5-8         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2010/         
  Please note that the quotation format of the conference paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010,          
IMECS 2010, 17-19 March, 2010, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
        
        
Volume 2178 & Volume 2179          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2009 Volume I & Volume II          
WCECS 2009, October 20 - 22, 2009, San Francisco, USA         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest and Jon Burgstone         
ISBN (Vol I: pp1-661): 978-988-17012-6-8         
ISBN (Vol II: pp662-1329): 978-988-18210-2-7         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2009/         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2009,          
WCECS 2009, 20-22 October, 2009, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
        
        
Volume 2176 & Volume 2177          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering  2009 Volume I & Volume II          
WCE 2009, July 1-3, 2009, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN (Vol I: pp1-927): 978-988-17012-5-1         
ISBN (Vol II: pp928-1895): 978-988-18210-1-0         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2009/         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2009,          
WCE 2009, 1-3 July, 2009, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
        
Volume 2174 & Volume 2175          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2009 Volume I & Volume II          
IMECS 2009, March 18-20, 2009, Hong Kong          
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and Jeong-A Lee          
ISBN (Vol I: pp1-1105): 978-988-17012-2-0         
ISBN (Vol II: pp1106-2210): 978-988-17012-7-5          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2009/         
  Please note that the quotation format of the conference paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2009,          
IMECS 2009, 18-20 March, 2009, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
        
Volume 2173         
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2008         
WCECS 2008, October 22 - 24, 2008, San Francisco, USA         
Editors:S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest and Lee Schruben and Jon Burgstone         
ISBN: 978-988-98671-0-2         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2008/         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2008,          
WCECS 2008, 22-24 October, 2008, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
        
Volume 2170 & Volume 2171 & Volume 2172          
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2008 Volume I & Volume II & Volume III         
WCE 2008, July 2-4, 2008, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN (Vol I: pp1-921): 978-988-98671-9-5         
ISBN (Vol II: pp922-1706): 978-988-17012-3-7         
ISBN (Vol III: pp1707-1874): 978-988-17012-4-4         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2008/         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2008,          
WCE 2008, 2-4 July, 2008, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
        
Volume 2168 & Volume 2169          
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2008 Volume I & Volume II          
IMECS 2008, March 19-21, 2008, Hong Kong         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and Jeong-A Lee         
ISBN (Vol I: pp1-1040): 978-988-98671-8-8         
ISBN (Vol II: pp1041-2031): 978-988-17012-1-3          
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2008/         
  Please note that the quotation format of the conference paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2008,          
IMECS 2008, 19-21 March, 2008, Hong Kong, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
        
Volume 2167         
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2007         
WCECS 2007, October 24 - 26, 2007, San Francisco, USA         
Editors:S. I. Ao and Craig Douglas and W. S. Grundfest and Lee Schruben and Xihong Wu         
ISBN: 978-988-98671-6-4         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2007/         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2007,          
WCECS 2007, 24-26 October, 2007, San Francisco, USA, pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
                   
          
        
Volume 2165 & Volume 2166         
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2007 Volume I & Volume II         
WCE 2007, July 2-4, 2007, London, U.K.         
Editors: S. I. Ao and Len Gelman and David WL Hukins and Andrew Hunter and A. M. Korsunsky         
ISBN (Vol I: pp1-738): 978-988-98671-5-7         
ISBN (Vol II: pp739-1565): 978-988-98671-2-6         
Open-access online version: http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2007/         
         
  Please note that the quotation format of the paper is         
{Author Names}, "{Paper title}," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science:          
Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2007,          
WCE 2007, 2-4 July, 2007, London, U.K., pp{Page Number From}-{Page Number To}.         
         
Note: {..} should be replaced with the corresponding paper information.         
          
        
        
        
        
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